Regulator for prime movers.



PATENTED 00T. 2, 1906.

LI LYNDON. REGULATOR FOR PRIME MOVERS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26,1905.

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[Tav e iz fol? L u PATBNTBD 00T. 2, 1906.

L. LYNDON.

REGULATOR FOR PRIME MOVERS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26. 1905.

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PATBNTED 06T. 2; 1906` l L. LYNDON. REGULATOR FOR PRIME MOVERS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1905.

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PATENTED 00T. 2, 1906.

L. LYNDON.

REGULATOR FOR PRI-ME MOVERS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1905.

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PATENTED OCT. 2, 1906.`

`L. LNDoN. REGULATOR FOR PRIME, MOVBRS.

AAPPLICATION FILED JUNE 26, 1905.

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UNITED STATESPATENT clarion. j

LAMAR LYNDON, EAST ORANGE, NEINJERSEY.'v REGULATOR Fon Pnl-Mi: MovvERis.

To all whom it may con/cern: v

Be it known that I, LAMAR LYNDON, a citi` zen of' the United States, anda resident of East- Orange, county of Essex, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Regulators for Prime Movers, of which the following is a specification, accompanied by drawings.

This Ainvention relates to a systemof speed control'of motors driving electric generators, particularly prime movers such as steam and gas engines and water-wheels, which change their speeds with change of load unless some means be employed to vary the rate of work doneby the motor proportional to load driven by it.

' .to actl and cause movement of the regulator l The object of this invention is-to improve the speed regulation of such prime movers.

(prevent racing ofmechanism whenever the load changes without necessitating any speed change and is, in fact, intended to prevent any speed variation whatever, even so small an amount as is now requiredby other forms of regulator.

Prime Ymovers are in general provided A with an `inlet or admission valve, throu h which the working luid is admitted to t e motor and by means of which `the amount of workin fluidadmitted may be varied to correspon to, thel'varyin requirements of the load on the motor. n the case of steamenginesthis variable' inlet'may take the form of a valve in the steam-pipe which throttles the flow Aof the steam orv a cut-off arrangement whereby .the duration of admission of steam to the working cylinder is varied. In

Gras-engines the mixture ofgas and air may be varied in quantity for each stroke or may,-

be totally cut oil during some of the strokes whenthe work to be done diminishes or the proportions of air and gas in the mixture Vmay be varied-by controlling-valves in the air or gas inlets. 'In water-wheels the waterinlet may be varied and the quantity of water admitted tothe wheel varied, or vinv the Specication of Letters'Patent. I Application filed June l26. 1905. Serial No. 266,942.

1 Patented oct. 2, 1906.

case. of impulse wheels the 'jet-.mayl be deflected, so that only a portion of it impinges on the wheel.

Neglecting the case of delection of a'water-jet it is'obvious that `for any' prime mover receiving A1-working uid hav-l mg a constantpressure there is a definite position of the controllingvalve or' gate for any' given load moved at a givenspeed orgrstated another wa'y, if the load ona prime mover; running at a certain s eed be lchanged-and the controlling-valve o the prime, mover be moved to a new position` corresponding to this'change in load the speed will undergo no variation if the pressure on the Working fluid be maintained constan-t. If, however, the

pressure of the working fluid varies, the po-`v sition of the gate or valve corresponding to.

a given load is also varied, and' therefore the change in the pressure of the working fluid must be compensated for. l Y

-Figure 1 showsdiagrammatically the main features of my system of speed control asa plied to a steam-engine. E is an engine; the steam-pipe leading thereto V, 'a valvein the steam-pi e which controls-the admission of steam to t e engine. C is the drive-wheel,

which is geared to dynamo d by the belt 28 28, driving on the dynamo-pulley 27. bl'and b, are the brushes of the dynamo connected to supply-mains 1 and 2, respectively. S is a shunt in the main 2. A is an ampere-meter connected. across the shunt S, but having in its circuit the three resistances R1, R2, and R3. G is a voltmeter having a double needle orin# dicator made up offthe two pieces Ql and U, rigidly connected together, but insulated fronreach other.- G is connected across the mains 1 vand 2, The needle of A projects into the fork made by the spreading apart of the two pieces Q U near theirouter ends, as shown These needles form, in" effect, electrical contacts and are insulated from the instruments'. The valve V is controlled bythe movement of the screw-shaft K, which when rotated causes motion of the nut L with its yoke. The motion is communicated toy the valve by'means of the link 32 and arm 33. The rotation of KA is produced by the meshing in of bevel-gears Hl or H2 with gear IL. H, and H2 rotate continuously, being driven by the pulley 30 on shaft J. H1 ,and H2 are free to move axially along the shaft J, but are constrained .to rotate with J bylmeans of a spline. Normally neither Hlnor Hzisin mesh with'Ha. The lever 38,'which is ful.h

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'45 a corresponding definite position' of the pis-,

' Attached to the lever are the two solenoid- Va lle and coperates with resistanceR1', and by v'50 v 'Y there `is a definite value of the resistance R1,

l correspondmg to a given net steam-pressure. Voltmeter G is connected across the mains 1.

I two coils is energized. The nut L has attact M FromM by wire 6 the circuit is corncrumed about pivot '39, moves the gears H1 and H2 to the right orleft, depending on the direction of motion of the lever. I, and I2, are compression-springs which hold the lever 38 in its mid-position unless moved by some force greater than -that of the'springs.

cores 40 41, surrounded by windingsVV1 W2, respectively. Obviously if W1 be energized the core `40 will be drawn farther into W, and the lower lend of the lever will be moved toward the left, compressing spring I, and movin H1 into mesh with H3. Rotation oil-I3 wil now take lace and continue ,as long as -W1 is energize If Wzbe energized, H2 will mesh with H3, and rotation of H3and shaft K take place, 4but the direction of rotation will be opposite to that in which H3 turnsiwhen H1 is meshed with it. Therefore the direction of rotation of H3 depends on which of the tached to it a sliding contact N,fwhich moves over, and coperates with the resistance R l. Manifestly the resistance RV is varied with opening and closing of the valve V, and for an given valve-opening there is a deiinite for the resistance R2. The resistance R, is caused to vary with the net eective pressure of the steam by means of the piston i X, which moves in cylinder `The pipeZ is connected to the steam-pipe, thereby subjecting the pisto'nX to a pressure equal to that ofthe entering steam. The plpe 31 communicates with the cylinder O at theopposite end from that at whichlZ. enters. This pipe 31 is connected to the engine-exhaust, goingto the atmosphere if a non-condensing engine' or to the condenser if a condensingengine. The pressure acting on X therefore is equal `to the'` net pressure of the lenteringv steam. The movement of X, which the pres-1 sure tends toproduce, is opposed by a spring Y., The amount of compression of the spring is proportional to the pressure on X, and therefore for any net steam-pressure there is ton X. Rod 42 connects the sliding contact M with piston X.' This contact moves over reason of 'the'` above-described arrangement 2 by means of wire 3, which joins main 1 at' junction-point 15, and!y wire 4,` which joins mains 2 at junction-point 16. The ammetercircuit is Jfrom junction-point 17 on shunt S to resistance R3 by wire 5, thence by wire 7 to terminal 22 through A, 'from terminal 23 by wire 10 to the sliding contact N through R2, thencecbywire-Q to resistance R1 and to conpleted to the opposite side of vthe shunt vS, joining it at' polnt 18. lThe shunt-circuit,

therefore, has in it the ampere-meter and theI three resistances R1, R2, and R3, all in series. The insulated ammeter-needle 35 is connected to mainl at point 19. Onebranch Q of the double voltmeter-needle is connected to one terminal of W1 by wire 11, while the other branch U of the voltmeter-needle is connected toi a terminal of W2 by wire 12. The other terminals of "W1 and W2 are joined together and the common connection joined to the `main 2 by wire 13, leadingfrom point 8 to.

point 24 on' the main 2.v

If the 4current through the shunt S beincreased, the voltage across'its terminals 17 18 will also be increased, causing a greater current-How through the shunt-circuit. i The eHect of this increased current through the' ampere-meter is td cause theneedle 35 to swing toward the right. In doing so it will come in contact with branch and complete the circuitifrom main -1 to mainV 2 through the winding W1. Core 40v will move tothe left, compressing spring I1 and meshing H, with` H3 and causing rotation of H3 in such a direction as to move the nut L downi -ward, thus opening the valve V and admitv ting more steam to the engine to drive the inv creased load. As L moves, N'also moves downward, increasing the resistance Rzin` *A the shunt-circuit. This increase of R, decreases the current-How through the shuntj circuit until a point is reached at which the current through the ampere-meter has been reduced to such a value'that the needle 35 has returned to its normal central'position: The point on the resistance R, on which N then rests corresponds in position to a'posi- I ool tion of the nut L such that the opening of the i valve V admits the proper quantity of steam to the engine to drive the load. Winding W1 is ,no longer energized, as the circuit isopened 'by the .movement of needle 35 vto its normal Spring 1 whichhas been com-` position. pressed, nowextends andl moves the lgears H2 H3 to their normal central position and movement ofHa, K, L, N, and V ceases. In other words, for any load there is a corresponding drop across the shunt S and for any drop across S there is a corresponding value of R2 to hold the needle 35 in its central position. 'Also for any value of R2 there is a corresponding position of the nut L and of the valveV; Since for any load there is a corresponding position of-valve-opening, it is evident that by properly prop'ortioning theresistance R, the valve V will automatically be opened to correspond to any load on the en 'g1ne. The converse of this operation follows when the load is reduced. The voltage be# tween terminals 17 18 is'decreased, and needle 35 swings to the left, touching branch U ofthe voltmeter-needle and completing thecircuit from main 1 to main 2 through winding W2. C ore l41 is drawn to the-right, compressing spring I, and meshing H2 with H3.

Hapand now rotate, but in a direction op- IIO IIS'l allows a greater current to viiow through the -ampere-meter A, and a position of N-is finally `reached at which the current throughthe shunt-circuit is just great enough to return the needle 35'tol its normalcentral osition. ens the circuit through 2.* The movesthe gears H1 Hzto their-central position and movement of the valve 'y great enough to drive the ceasesf When this restoration ofy all parts to normal position takes place, N has reached a point at whichv the valve-opening is just load at proper speed. In these operations itvhas been assumed that the speed, andtherefore voltage, has remained constant, as the regulator acts immediately on load change without waiting for any speed change. It is possible, however, that the voltage may' also change, as isA the case with a shunt-wound dynamo, or the adjustment producedby the amperemeter and resistance R', may not be'exactl that required. Any change in voltage will cause the voltmeter-needles U Q to. swing about needle 35 and make roper 'contacts to cause proper adjustment ok the valve V. If, for instance, the needle 35 position and the voltage should be in excess ofthe normal, a reduction in speed, and

thereforev of valve-opening, should take place. If such a voltage increase should occur, the voltmeter-needles U toward the right and U would contact with 35, closing the circuit through W2 and enerigizing this winding. Thisuwould cause a movement of the regulator to close the valve V and reduce the speed. The valve movement Wouldcease whenthe needles U Q return to their normal central position, which would take place when thevo'ltage had come to its pro er value. If this mo- -tion 4to close the va ve should beconsiderable, the reduction in the resistance R2 would allow the needle 35 to move'toward the right, which would' vopen the circuit through W'2 and close that through W, and thereby cause a reopening rof the valve. It therefore is necessary in`this particular construction to allow sufficient width of opening between the branches U Q to give a fairly good amount of play of the needle 35 between U and Q to take care of this condition, Other constructions willgbe shown, however, in which this is not necessary. r

In all the foregoing has been assumed that for a definite valve-opening there would be a corresponding amount of power supplied by the engine. This is truefor one steam-pressure onl Any change in pressure will chan e tlie position of valve-opening for the suppy of a given amount of power. In this were in its central ivalve V, as the casemay be.

Q would swing sure of the working Huid by reason o system vthe current which 'Hows throughfthe s unt-circuit when the proper speed is main-- tainedis'constant under all conditions and is just equal to that current which vmaintains the needle 35 in its central position. Obviously any change in resistance R- or R3 will change the value of R2 necessary to maintain this value ofthe current for a given drop yacross the shunt S or, what is the samething, will require a different position N. to establish this proper current value. This means that if R1 or Rabe chan ed the amount of the valve-opening and t e the needle 35 is restore In other words, the

valve-opening corresponding to a given load has been chan ed. The function of resistance Rlis lto-eict this adjustment automatically. As has been shown, R1 varies with the net pressure at which the engine works. Should the pressureincrease, R1 increases, and R2 must therefore decrease. Movement to decrease Rz closes the valve. Evidentlv 'by proper adjusting the resistances of Rl and Rz and the range of motion of M and N any chan e in steam-pressure may be compen The resistance R3 is for the purpose of varying the speed ofthe engine. Any change in R3 will cause a change in the current through the ampere-meter and a movement of the needle 35 to close or open the This resistance R3 is simply a small rheostat, by means of which the speed of the unit may be adjusted-either for continuous running or for short periods to parallel generators, &c. B

(position of N when IOO y givlng resistance R2 proper values from step to step-the speed may be made to vary wit different loads or may be maintained rigidly vconstant over allranges of load, as may be desired. In' running generators in parallel it is essential that the speed at full load shall be less than at no load, and this adjustment is easily accomplished in this device, as indicated above.

Fig.' 2 shows a modication of this Vdevice as vmore articularly adapted tothe speedl control Fwater-wheels. d is the main dynamo, connected to mains 1 and 2; S, a shunt in 2; A and G, the ampere-meter and voltmeter, respectively 5 R1, the resistance in the .shunt circuit, which automatically changes the value with change in net resthe movement of the spring-opposed piston X, as before described. Rz'i's the resistance, which varies in value with the degree of valve or gate opening. K is the gateor valve shaft, the rotation of which in one or the other direction causes opening or closing of' the gate; L is the nut, which moves with rotation of LA and which has for a given vhead or pressure a definite position for a given load on the motor. w1 and 10` are windin s which act on core 40, with one terminal o each joined toether.V and `to some source of current, while the other two terminals are joined' to Q and U, respectively. fi, and i, are springs to restore 40 to its normal position when neither w, nor to2 is energized, all of which. is similar to the previously-described arrangement shown in Fig. 1. In this case, however, the core 40 works arelay-switch,being connected to switch-lever 3 8 by rod 34 and communicating motion thereto whenever. attracted by either winding. D is a small auxiliary-generator, the voltage of which is dependent entirel on its speedv and not on the current con ition of the main dynamo. It is geare or connected to be driven at a speedrigidly proportional to that of the motorto be regulated. This lauxiliary dynamo also su plies all current for operating the solenoi s an the magnets that operate the device and especially desirable'when the main generator is an alternating-current machine. Also the voltage of this small machine may be made lowe-say thirty volts-which largely eliminates sparking at contacts and switches when the circuits are opened. The resistance R3 by vwhich the speed of the motor` may be manually adjusted is in this caseput in circuit with` the voltmeter. l and W2 are windings' vof electric clutches or magnets. These magnets are similar to and correspond with the magnets W1 and W2 shown in Fig.

1', and they are arranged to operate the same form oi mechanism shown in that figure. Referring to Fig. 1, it is obvious that the energization of Wl will clutch in parts such that the resulting motion of screw K causes the valve it controls to open, while energization of W2 will produceacoperation of parts such that the valve will be closed. Other forms of mechanism operated by magnets or clutches may be` substituted, the form shown in Fig. 1 and inferred therefrom from Fig.

this invention. The relay-switch consists of the lever 38, pivoted about 48, connected, as before mentioned, to the solenoid-core 4() and working over the contacts .fixed at either end on insulating-blocks 53 Yjoins Wirf, 14 at point and 54,l respectively. There are two stationary main contacts 39 and 42 mounted on' the insulating-blocks 53 and the two opposite terminals ofv clutch W,by

respectively. Fixed contact 52 on block 53 and 43 on block 54 are connected to opposite terminals of clutch W2 by wires` 27 and 28, respectively.

wires 25 and 26,

n 32 and 32 33 and 331 are highA resistances, such as incandescent lamps, shunt'ed across vthe several windings sets of switch-contacts, respectively.

is energized, the core 40 isA held by springs 11,

' this description it the sole specific method of crease,

needle and closes to revent the building up of high inductive vo tages when the circuits are opened. At

either end of the movable lever the brushes These project below the lever and are insulated from it and fromv 46 and 47 are carried.

each other. They bear on the left and right neither w, nor w,

and 'i 2 in its central position, and the lever. 38 is therefore in its normal horizontal position, and brushes 46 and 47 of the switch bear only on contacts 39 and 42, andboth the vclutch-circuits are open.

now the core 40 be moved downward,the

end of the lever tothe right of the pivot 48 will be depressed, while the opposite end will beraised. Contacts 39 and 51 will be joined together, while contacts 42 and 44 will be connectedtogether. This will connect the clutch-winding'W1 across the brushes of dynamo D, energizing it and causinga movement of the gate to admit more working fluid. to the motor. Conversely, moved upward brush 47 will move upward, connecting contacts 424 and 43, while brush 46 will move downward, connecting 3 9 and 52.

When

if core 40 be In this position clutch-winding W2 is energized, and the gateis'moved to reduce the amount of wor ing fluid admitted. ,From will be clear that amperemeter A and.resistances'R1 and R2 are traversed by current from the main generator d and taken from terminals 17 18 of the shuntv S, while the voltmeter G and the resistance R3 are traversed by current from the auxiliary dynamo D. The windings w, and wz are energized from dynamo D, as are :also the windings sourceofcurrent-supply may be'used for these. The needle 35 is connected by flexible wire 49 to wire 3 at pointBO, and therefore is connected to brush B, via wires [3 and 15. The operation of'this system is as the follows: Assume that the speed is normal, gate-opening being such as to correspond to that required for the existing load. Solenoid-core 40 is in itsfcentral also the relay-switch. If the oad should inthe increased drop through S will cause a greater current to iiow through the shunt-circuit. Needle 35 moves toward the right, touches the branch Q of the voltmeterthe circuit through w1 from brushB to brush B2 of dynamo D. Core 40 isA pulled downward, extending spring "i, and moving lever 38 so thatbrush 47 connects contacts 42 and' 44 and brush-i6 connects contacts 39 and 5i. Magnet W1 is energized l*and causes opening of the gate to admit a greater flow of working fluid to the motor.

As this `gate 'movement takes place the resistance R, is increased, and this movement continues until an increase in'resistance suIiciently great to bring needle 35v back` to its normal central position has been put in cir- IOO W1 and W2, though any convenient IIO 1position, as is cuit. When this point has been reached, the circuit through the winding w, is opened, the sprin'g 'i2 pulls the core 40 back to its normal position and with it the lever 38`is restored to its horizontal position The circuit through magnet-winding Wl is thereby opened and the clutch deenergized. Motion of the valve or gate therefore ceases. Since the position to which the gate will travel depends on the change in the resistance R2, it is evidentthat by properly proportioning this'resistance the gate will always move to a' position pro portional to the drop across shunt S', and therefore corresponding to the load on the x 5 motor. Conversely, if the load should decrease the needle will move toward. the left and make contact with U, closingA the circuit through W2, energizing it and pulling up the core 40. This extends spring i, and moves the lever 38 to the position where contacts 42 and 43 are connected'together on the right and 3 9 and 52 on the left. This lenergizes clutch W2, and the gate is moved to ref duce-the o ening. Thisl movement willcon- 2 5 tinue unti the resistance Rzis so reduced as to allow needle 35 to return to its neutral position, when" the fopening of the circuit through w2 allows the spring iz'to return the core andthe lever 38 to their neutral posi- 3o `tions. The circuitthrough clutch-winding is thereby opened and motion of the gate ceases, stopping at the point corresponding to the -opening required to admit the proper amount of working iiuid to the motor to drive 3 5 `the reduced load. -Where the current through the'clutch-winding'sis considerable, it is better to use a relay' and avoid breaking heavy currents on the needle-contacts. The auxiliary generator D is preferablye laminated field shunt-wound machine, the, voltage of which changes much more rapidly than the speed. Since the voltage of this machine is affected only by speed change, the voltmeterneedles U Q will always vretain their centraly positions if the speed remains constant regardless of voltage iiuctuations in the main circuit which may be set up by changes in excitation, output, &c. YThe extent of gate or valve movement is modified by any change in lpressure of the working huid, which changes also R1, as before described. The hand-regulator R3 by chang-v` ing the` resistance of the voltmeter-circuit and the current passing through it changes 5 5 the position of the voltmeter-needleU Q, and

therefore produces a movement of the gate. Since the needles 35 and U Q may swing. together through a wide range, a new position of the voltmeterfneedle will require a new positionof the ampere-meterA needle as the normal -or central, which means that the gateopening for a given load is changed by chang- -ing the positie i 'of the voltmeter-need1e, which in turn changesthe speed at which the 6 5 motor operate. The usefulness of a mantwelve per cent. of normal, nut N is in a posiual method of varying and adjusting the speed of prime movers has before/been pointed out. l This method `ofcontrol issatisfactorily operative from twelve per cent. ofl full load to full or overloads;l but below ten or 7'o twelve per cent, of normal load the current through the ampere-meter circuit is too low to keep the needle 35 in its normal mid-posi- Therefore an additional device is required, as shown in Fig. '3. The mains 1 2, 75 with shunt S, the voltmeter G, with the double needle U Q, the ampere-meter A,.with needle 35, the moving nut L, working on screwshaft. K and carrying withit the contact.M, cooperating .with the resistance R2,`the re- 8o sistance R1, controlled by the pressure in cylinder O, counterbalanced by spring Y, the' solenoid-windings W, W2, cooperating with 1 core 40, and the returning-springs I, I', are all A as have been before fully set forth. 'The cir` 85 cuits and connections are valso Y essentially j identical with the previously-de scribed `cases, except that a resistance 'r is included in the i voltmeter-circ-uit, a switch in the amperemeter circuit, and a short-circuitng switch 9o for cutting. the resistance r out of the voltmeter-circuit. Also a peg 25 is provided on the face of the ampere-mete,l imiting the-motion of needle 35 when the current through the instrument falls below the amount required to maintain the needle in its normal ositon, all'the resistance R, being cut out o circuiti On the nut L is the stoproller B, whichengages in the jaw C of the switch F E,.pivoted about D. F and E are insulated from each roo other. When in theposition shown by dotted lines, F joins contacts 2-0 and 21 together and E joins .contacts 22 and 23 together. The contacts areall open-circuited when in the position shown by full lines. When con- 1o 5 tacts 2() and 21 are joined, the circuit through the ampere-meter Rland R2 is completed. The connecting of 22 and 23 short-circuits resistance r. The operationof this device is as follows: When the loa'd exceeds ten or 11o tion downward past switch F E and wor s to and fro without moving this s witch, which is in the position shown by the dotted lines, the ampere-meter circuit being closed and the 1 15 resistance r short-eircuit'ed. The .connections and operation are exactly as has been set forth in the description. of Figs. 1 and 2. Asthe load'falls on", the nutL approaches the switch until it reaches the point shown by the I 2o full lines, which is about ten per cent. of gate or valve opening, at which it -throws open switch F E and moves on past it, the jaw C being so constructed as to admit of the roller B passing by unobstructed when the switch the resistance R'2 being cut out This opens the'ampere-meter is thrown, a ati/this point.

circuit, and needle 35 comes back against peg 25, where it remains stationary.' This movement would bring needle 35 in contact with 13o U and cause motion to open the valve were it not for the fact that the switch in opening puts r in series with the voltmeter, and therefore the double needle U Q moves backwarda small amount, just enough to bring the central part of the opening between branches U Since contactbetween and U. or Q causes motion of the gate or valve controlling the admission of working fluid to the motor, a fairly satisfactory degree of regulationabout such as isattained in the best fly-balloverned 'regulators-is attained onthesev ight/loads.` As the load increases and the gates are opened more and more the nut L linally passes the point where it brings VB in 'contact with the switch-jaw C and throws ,25 varied in its actual construction.

the switch over, and normal operation is resumed, as before. y

This4 system is capable of `being widely For instance, Fig. 4shows one method of accomplishing the same results as the before-described apparatus. A diHerentially-wound solenoid made up of core D and windingsA and G operates a switch to close the proper clutch-windings. Winding A is in a circuit from the terminals of a shunt S in the main 2, the conductors'l 2 being the mains from the generator, which latter' is driven Aby the motor which is to be regulated. I n vthis same circuit are also the resistance R, ,which -the prime mover.

' o posed to each other, G being the stronger.

varies with the position of the gate or valve through which the working fluid passes, and Rmthe hand-manipulated resistance. G i.s a shunt-winding taken from any suitable source of electric' current, which varies its electromotive force with change in speed of The two windings are o re D is held in position by spring I 4 pulling upward and I3,.which is stronger, pulling downward. If the ampere-turns due to G remain constant and those of A increase, due to increase in load, the total magnetization is reduced and spring I3 overcomes both the Vma netic pull andthe pull of spring I4' and pul s downl the core D This lowers the conducting cross-bar 3 5, vhich makes contact with points U and 19 and causes movement to open the controlling gate or valve; As this movement takes place nut M travels downward, increasing the resistance R2 and reducing the current strength through the shunt-circuit until the ampere-turns of A are brought back to their normal value, at which point the core D is returned to its central position by the increased `6 5 magnetic pull, assisted by the spring I4.

tension on spring I3. This completes they circuit through magnet or clutch windingW;1

This opens the circuit through W, the clutchmagnet W1 releases, and movement of the gate stops. results from a decrease in load and a corresponding diminution of the ampere-turns of A, which increasesthe magnetic pull on core The converse of this operation D. This increased pull, assisted by spring I4, I

overcomes spring I3 and lifts the core, moving conducting-bar 35 upward and connecting together contacts Q and 18. This energizes the clutch-winding VY2 and causes a closing of the admission valve or gate. The resistance RZ is decreased .by this motion until the current `through A is restored to normal. This reduces the magnetic pull on the core D, and. it returns to its normal position, opening the circuit throughWz, and thereby stopping further movement of the gate or valve. I f there is any marked change in speed, the chan e in the voltage will varythe ampere-turns o .winding G, which will result in a movement of the core and a corresponding movement ofthe switch-bar 35 to move. the admission-valve to further opened or closed, as the case maybe. Thus an increase in speed and in voltage will cause a stronger upward pull on core D, owing to the 'increase in the' ampere-turns of G, and the core D moving upward connects by bar 3'5 contacts Q and 18, which energizes Wz and causes closing of thev ate or valve.. The

converse operation is o vious from the before-given descriptions. The compensating spring-opposed piston X workingin cylinder O and varying its position with change in pressure of the working fluid which is admitted to the cylinder vthrough pipe Z mag be made to work a contact, coperating wit a resistance in the shunt-circuit, as has been described. In this case,` however, it varies the tension on the spring I3 by changing its' IOO position, and thereby changes the number of I net effective ampere-turns required to keep the core in its normal centralposition. This means, of course, that the current through A for equilibrium of spring and magnetic pulls is changed, and therefore the 'position of the gate or valve for a-given load on the main generator is changed. Thusl an increase in pressure ofthe working luid requires a smaller gate-opening for a given load. This increase IIO 1n pressure moves piston X upward against the pressure of spring Y. This reducesthe force ,will `now be able to move the Acore D upward. This is equivalent to a decrease in the ampere-turns of G or an increase in the ampere-turns of A. The-gate must there- A lesser magnetizing fore close somewhat to'y decrease the resistance of R2 to'such anamount as will-allow an increased current to flow hrough A, so that ,the core will move bac? -to its central position. For any change in load there will 'now be a corresponding gate or valve opening, but it will be less than it would be with lower pressure on the working fluid and on the piston The converse action'is ob-- vious-namely, reduction in pressure of working fluid, 'movement of piston lX downward increasing the tension on spring I3. This requires for equilibrium of core D an increased magnetic pull, which is attained by reducing the opposing 'ampere-turns of A. Before this reduction is effected, the increased spring-tension of I3 has pulled down core D and closed the connection throughvV2 to open the'gate. In opening the gateor valve the l resistance is increased and the ampere-turns of A diminished until core D takes its position of equilibrium. All this occurs without change of 'load or increase ofI drop across shunt S, which means that with this arrange-l ment a greater admission-gate opening for a g1ven loadv results, when thepressure on the working fluid decreases.

Fig. 5 shows another possible modification of this system of control which `differs-.from .the other forms shown in that thefchange in voltage due to change in speed is compensated for by varying a resistance which is in the shunt-circuit,the variation in resistance being in proportion to the voltage variation. In the figure all the different parts are lettered and numbered to correspond to similar parts in the oth'er figureaandtheir functions are as has been set forth. The resistance R4,"

however, which lis in the ampere-meter circuit, has contact l16 moving over and coperating with it. This contact is fastened to', but insulated from, core E, which is attracted downward by the winding G. This magnetic pull is opposed by spring I3. Evidently any increase inthe voltage of mains 1 2 or whatever the source of current-supply is used to excite G will result in an increase in pull of core E and a downward motion of the core and contact 16, further extending spring I3 and increasing the resistance R4. Since any increase in resistance of the shunt-circuitI will result in a movement of the ampere-me-4 y ter hand 35 to the left, closingcontacts which vss set in motionthe mechanism to close the gate or admission-valve, it is evident that the' action of the potential-solenoid and'R4 is to reduce the gate-opening with increase in voltage.

netic pull of G on E, spring I3 will draw up the core, and with it the contact 16, decreasing the resistance 4 and causing thereby movement of ampere-meter needle 35 to the ri ht. This then makes .contact with peg Q, w ich results in a movement of the valve-operating mechanism to open the gate.

There are many. poss1ble variations of this system of regulation that will readily suggest themselves to thoseskilledin the art, and it is .also obvious that' some portions may be used without the others.

Manifestly the converse of this is true.. ,A-reduction in voltage will reduce'the mag-n machine, a working fluid for the prime mover subject to changes in pressure, and means whereby the admission of working fluid -to the prime mover is varied responsive to changes in pressure of the,working fluid, and the load on the dynamo-electric machine and the speed of the prime mover. f

3. In an electric speed-regulatorvthe .com-

bination of a prime mover receiving a workmg flu1d, a dynamo-'electnc machine dr1ven from the prime mover, electroresponsive means electrically connected to said dynamoelectric machine, whereby the admissionof working fluid to thel prime mover, is varied responsively both to the variation in load on said dynamo-.electric *machine` and the variation in the 'energy in 'a unit volume of the working -fluid.

4.' In Van electric speed-regulator'the combination `of a prime mover receiving a working fluid, a dynamo-electricmachine driven from the prime mover, and electrores `onsive means electrically connected to sai dynamo-electric machine, whereby the admission. of working fluid to the prime mo'ver is varied responsively both to the variation in load on said dynamo-elect ic machine and the "variation in pressure working fluid. v v 5. An 'electric regulatork comprising an electroresponsive device connected to adynamo-.electric machine whose prime mover `is a Mn the entermg to be regulated,'said device/,changing itsposition responsively to change in output of said IOO dynamo-electric machine, and having a neutral position corresponding to proper balance between ,the load` on said prime moverv and the amount vof working fluid admitted'thereto, means whereby the said electroresponsive device varies the 'quantity of working fluid admitted to the prime mover responsively both to change in load on said generator, and change in pressure of entering working fluid, andmeans for returning the electroresponsive device to its neutral position when balance between load and quantity'of working fluid has been restored.

6. In an electric regulator the combination of an electric generator driven by amotor receiving a working fluid and eleetr1calmeans for maintaining a ratio between the generatoroutput and the admission of the prime mover is maintained substantially con- Working fluid, such that the speed of the working Huid admitted to said prime mover and the generator output, an`d means whereby the electroresponsive device is displaced from the neutral position when said balance is destroyed and returns to said position When the balance is'restored, said restoring means comprisinga variable resistance connected to the electroresponsive device, `Which resistance changes responsively both to motion of the admission-changing mechanism and the pressure of the Working Huid.

8. In an electrical regulator. the combina-A tion of an electric generator driven by a lprime mover receiving -a working fluid, dev vices to -vary admission of the` Working fluid, Which devices are responsive to Fchanges in an el ,ct'roresponsive device connected to acircuit from said generator and having in series connection therewith resistances Which are lvaried both by tlie positionof the'admission- .varying deviceszand the pressure of the work.-

iiig fluid. l

' 9. In an electric regulator the combination of an electric generator driven by a prime mover receiving aworking fluid, a device which varies its position With variation in the speed of the prime'mover, anY electrorespon-v sive device which varies its position responsive vto the generator current, resistance which is connected to the second device and which is varied responsive, both to the change in the admission of Working fluid and to change in pressure of the Working fluid',l and means controlled by the resistance and said' devices coacting With each other, to vary the admission of the Working fluid responsively to the load on the prime mover.

10. In an electric speed-regulator the combination of an electric generator driven by a prime mover receiving-a Working fluid, a plurality of electroresponsive devices having their action controlled respectively by the current output of the generator and voltage of a source'which varies' in value with variation in speed of` the prime mover, a plurality of variable resistances, controlled by the degree of opening of the admission-valve of the prime mover, the pressure of the Working fluid, and manually, respectively, changes in one of Which res'istances vary the action of one of the electroresponsive devices, Aand means controlled by said electroresponsive output of the generator, and the voltage of a source which varieswith 'the speedof the prime mover, a plurality of'variable resist- 4ances electrically connected With the electroresponsive devices controlled respectively by .the opening of the adm ission-valve of .the

prime mover, and manually, changes in which resistances vary the action of the electroresponsive devices, means controlled by said electrore'sponsive devices to vary the admission of Working fluid responsive to variation in position of eitherA electroresponsive device andA meansl responsive to variation f 12. In an' electric speed-regulator, the coni- 8s -in the pressure of the Working fluid which bination of an electric generatorl driven by a prime mover receiving a Working fluid, being controlled by either oftwo electrical devices whereof` one isresponsive to changes in the generator-current, the other responsive to changes involtage of any generator driven by the prime mover, a variable resistance controlled by movement of -the controller mechanism for maintaining-substantially constant the pull of one electroresponsive device,

a second variable resistance controlled manually for varying the pull of one of the electrosive to pressure of the Working fluid for vary- Aing the action'of'one of said electroresponsivel devices with variation inpressure'oil the working fluid. I

13. In an electric regulator, the combination of electrical means responsive to current changes ina generator driven by a prime mover, electrical -means responsive to changes lresponsive devices. at Will, and means respon- IIO- and means responsive to variation in pressure of the working fluid, all coacting to con'- trol a-mechanism which varies the admission of Working Huid to'the'prime mover respon- .sively to variation .in any of these several elements.

14. In an electric regulator the combina-- tion of an electrical means responsive to current changes from a enerator driven by a prime mover, electricaI means, responsive to changes in voltage of a generator driven by said primermoveiga variable resistance electricalljr connected with one of said electroresponsive means, varied with variation in admission of Working fluid tol the prime mover, a pressure device responsive to variations in pressure of the workin fluid, with circuits and connections where y all these elements coact to control amechanism which varies the admission of Workin? Huid to theprime mover, with variation o load driven thereby, and with variation of the pressure of ro the Workinguid.

In testimony whereof I have si ned my name in the presence of two subscri ing Wit- DGSSGS.

LAMAR LYNDON. p Witnesses;

Y.JLIQLSJUSJJULTON, ALICE INEz CRAIG. 

